G. E. S. L - Gramatica engleza structurata logic
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Autor: Ioan Salomie
Editura: COMPLEMENT CONTROL
Anul publicării: 2009
Categoria: Gramatica
DESCRIERE
G. E. S. L - Gramatica engleza structurata logic. Cuprins:
Scurt istoric
Cuvant inainte
Cuvantul traducatorului
Credit
Introducere
Partea intai: Fonetica
Fonetica engleza
Partea a doua: Morfologia
M1. Substantive
M2. Articole
M3. Adjective
M4. Pronumele
M5. Numerale
M6. Verbe
M7. Adverbe
M8. Prepozitii
M9. Conjunctii
M10. Interjectii
Partea a treia: Sintaxa
S1. Sintaxa propozitiei
S2. Sintaxa fraze
S3. Succesiunea timpurilor verbale
S4. Stilul direct si stilul indirect
S5. Interogatii si negatii
Partea a patra: Punctuatia
Punctuatia engleza
P1. Punctul
P2. Ghilimelele
P3. Virgula
P4. Punct si virgula
P5. Doua puncte
P6. Semnul exclamarii si semnul intrebarii
P7. Liniute de unire
P8. Bara aplecata si punctele de suspensie
P9. Paranteze
P10. Apostroful
Bibliografie
Studiul cartii de fata reprezinta modalitatea sigura si practica de a invata limba engleza bine, chiar foarte biine. Gramatica este scheletul de baza al limbii engleze
(de fapt, al oricarei limbi): odata stapanita aceasta structura simpla, fundamentala, aditia de cuvinte si expresii noi dupa aceea o sa devina o sarcina usoara, de rutina.
Avantajul net al cartii de fata, comparativ cu altele existente, rezida numai in faptul ca gramatica engleza este prezentata... LOGIC.
Gramatica Engleza Structurata Logic vine in ajutorul dumneavoastra cu:
• 102 clasificari structurate grafic in diagrame
• 117 tabele
• 227 seturi de reguli, exceptii, definitii
• 385 comentarii si atentionari complexe aditionale
• 426 seturi de exemple traduse
• peste 3000 mecanisme gramaticale uzuale explicate
• multe altele...
DESCRIERE IN LIMBA ENGLEZA;
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
HISTORY
FOREWORD
CREDITS
INTRODUCTION
I1 Phonetics
I2 Morphology
I3 Syntax
I4 About English Grammar 27
PART 1: PHONETICS
P1: PHONETICS
P1. 1 English Sounds
P1. 2 Vowels
P1. 3 Semi-Vowels
P1. 4 Consonants
P1. 5 Diphthongs and Triphthongs
P1. 6 Pronouncing Foreign and Unknown Words
PART 2: MORPHOLOGY
M1: NOUNS
M1. 1 Categories of Nouns
M1. 2 The Number of the Noun
M1. 3 The Gender of the Noun
M1. 3. 1 The Gender of Common Nouns
M1. 3. 2 The Gender of Proper Nouns
M1. 3. 3 Expressing Nouns' Gender Analytically
M1. 3. 4 Expressing Nouns' Gender using Personifications
M1. 4 The Case of the Noun
M1. 4. 1 Nominative
M1. 4. 2 Dative
M1. 4. 3 Accusative
M1. 5 Genitive
M1. 5. 1 Synthetic Genitive
M1. 5. 2 Analytic Genitive
M1. 6 Noun Declension and Syntactic Functions
M1. 7 Forming Nouns and Noun Equivalents
M1. 7. 1 Forming Nouns Using Derivation
M1. 7. 2 Forming Nouns and Noun Equivalents Using Composition
M1. 7. 3 Forming Nouns Using Grammar Category Conversion
M2: ARTICLES
M2. 1 Reading Articles
M2. 2 Nouns Taking no Article
M2. 3 Indefinite Article
M2. 4 Definite Article
M2. 5 Implicitly Present or Missing Article
M3: ADJECTIVES
M3. 1 Qualifying Adjectives
M3. 1. 1 Qualifying Adjectives Working as Attributes
M3. 1. 2 Qualifying Adjectives Working as Subjective Complements
M3. 1. 3 Qualifying Adjectives Working as Objective Complements
M3. 2 Determining Adjectives
M3. 2. 1 Possessive Adjectives
M3. 2. 2 Demonstrative Adjectives
M3. 2. 3 Interrogative Adjectives
M3. 2. 4 Relative Adjectives
M3. 2. 5 Indefinite Adjectives
M3. 3 Comparing Adjectives
M3. 3. 1 Qualifying Adjectives: Superiority Comparison
M3. 3. 2 Qualifying Adjectives: Equality Comparison
M3. 3. 3 Qualifying Adjectives: Inferiority Comparison
M3. 4 Qualifying Adjectives in Comparative Sentences
M3. 5 Forming Adjectives
M3. 5. 1 Forming Adjectives Using Derivation
M3. 5. 2 Forming Adjectives Using Composition
M3. 5. 3 Forming Adjectives Using Grammar Category Conversion
M3. 6 Particular Adjectives
M3. 6. 1 Particular Adjectives:"much","many","long"
M3. 6. 2 Particular Adjectives:"little","small","few"
M3. 6. 3 Particular Adjectives:"first","fore","former"
M3. 6. 4 Particular Adjectives:"last","near","next"
M3. 6. 5 Particular Adjectives:"farther","further"
M3. 6. 6 Particular Adjectives:"out","utter"
M3. 6. 7 Particular Adjectives:"older","elder"
M3. 6. 8 Particular Adjectives:"each","every"
M3. 6. 9 Particular Adjectives:"all","one"
M3. 6. 10 Particular Adjectives:"some","any","no","none"
M3. 6. 11 Particular Adjectives:"this","that","these","those"
M4: PRONOUNS
M4. 1 Personal Pronouns
M4. 2 Possessive Pronouns
M4. 3 Reflexive and Emphatic Pronouns
M4. 4 Demonstrative Pronouns
M4. 4. 1 Demonstrative Pronouns:"this","that","these","those"
M4. 4. 2 Demonstrative Pronouns:"first","last"
M4. 4. 3 Demonstrative Pronouns:"former","later"
M4. 4. 4 Demonstrative Pronouns:"other","others"
M4. 4. 5 Demonstrative Pronouns:"one","ones"
M4. 4. 6 Demonstrative Pronouns:"same","such","so"
M4. 5 Interrogative Pronouns
M4. 6 Relative Pronouns
M4. 6. 1 Relative Pronouns:"who","which","what"
M4. 6. 2 Relative Pronouns:"that"
M4. 6. 3 Relative Pronouns:"as"
M4. 6. 4 Relative Pronouns:"but"
M4. 7 Reciprocal Pronouns
M4. 8 Indefinite Pronouns
M4. 8. 1 Indefinite Pronouns:"all","whole","one"
M4. 8. 2 Indefinite Pronouns:"some"
M4. 8. 3 Indefinite Pronouns:"any"
M4. 8. 4 Indefinite Pronouns:"none"
M4. 8. 5 Indefinite Pronouns:"either","neither"
M4. 8. 6 Indefinite Pronouns:"other","others"
M4. 8. 7 Indefinite Pronouns:"each","every"
M4. 8. 8 Indefinite Pronouns:"both","certain","several"
M4. 8. 9 Indefinite Pronouns: Impersonal"you","he","it","we","they"
M5: NUMERALS
M5. 1 Cardinal Numerals
M5. 2 Ordinal Numerals
M5. 3 Fractional Numerals
M5. 3. 1 Common Fraction
M5. 3. 2 Decimal Fraction
M5. 4 Collective Numerals
M5. 5 Multiplicative Numerals
M5. 6 Distributive Numerals
M5. 7 Adverbial Numerals
M5. 8 Indefinite Numerals
M5. 9 Working with Numerals
M5. 9. 1 Types of Numbers
M5. 9. 2 Addition and Subtraction
M5. 9. 3 Multiplication, Division, and Exponentiation
M5. 9. 4 Idiomatic Numeral Expressions
M5. 10 Technical Numerals
M5. 11 Roman Numerals
M5. 12 Symbols of the Latin Alphabet
M6: VERBS
M6. 1 Categories of Verbs
M6. 1. 1 Transitive and Intransitive Verbs
M6. 1. 2 The Aspect of the Verb
M6. 1. 3 The Voice of the Verb
M6. 1. 4 The Number of the Verb
M6. 1. 5 The Person of the Verb
M6. 1. 6 The Mood of the Verb
M6. 1. 7 The Tense of the Verb
M6. 1. 8 Principal, Auxiliary, and Modal Defective Verbs
M6. 1. 9 Regular and Irregular Verbs
M6. 2 Verb Forms Charts
M6. 2. 1 Verb Forms Chart: Common Aspect, Active Voice
M6. 2. 2 Verb Forms Chart: Common Aspect, Passive Voice
M6. 2. 3 Verb Forms Chart: Continuous Aspect, Active Voice
M6. 2. 4 Verb Forms Chart: Continuous Aspect, Passive Voice
M6. 3 Personal Moods
M6. 3. 1 Indicative: Present
M6. 3. 1. 1 Present Indicative, Common Aspect, Active Voice
M6. 3. 1. 2 Present Indicative, Common Aspect, Passive Voice
M6. 3. 1. 3 Present Indicative, Continuous Aspect, Active Voice
M6. 3. 1. 4 Present Indicative, Continuous Aspect, Passive Voice
M6. 3. 2 Indicative: Past
M6. 3. 2. 1 Past Tense Indicative, Common Aspect, Active Voice
M6. 3. 2. 2 Past Indicative, Common Aspect, Passive Voice
M6. 3. 2. 3 Past Indicative, Continuous Aspect, Active Voice
M6. 3. 2. 4 Past Indicative, Continuous Aspect, Passive Voice
M6. 3. 3 Indicative: Future
M6. 3. 3. 1 Future Indicative, Common Aspect, Active Voice
M6. 3. 3. 2 Future Indicative, Common Aspect, Passive Voice
M6. 3. 3. 3 Future Indicative, Continuous Aspect, Active Voice
M6. 3. 4 Indicative: Present Perfect
M6. 3. 4. 1 Present Perfect Indicative, Common Aspect, Active Voice
M6. 3. 4. 2 Present Perfect Indicative, Common Aspect, Passive Voice
M6. 3. 4. 3 Present Perfect Indicative, Continuous Aspect, Active Voice
M6. 3. 5 Indicative: Past Perfect
M6. 3. 5. 1 Past Perfect Indicative, Common Aspect, Active Voice
M6. 3. 5. 2 Past Perfect Indicative, Common Aspect, Passive Voice
M6. 3. 5. 3 Past Perfect Indicative, Continuous Aspect, Active Voice
M6. 3. 6 Indicative: Future Perfect
M6. 3. 6. 1 Future Perfect Indicative, Common Aspect, Active Voice
M6. 3. 6. 2 Future Perfect Indicative, Common Aspect, Passive Voice
M6. 3. 6. 3 Future Perfect Indicative, Continuous Aspect, Active Voice
M6. 3. 7 Indicative: Future in the Past
M6. 3. 7. 1 Future in the Past Indicative, Common Aspect, Active Voice
M6. 3. 7. 2 Future in the Past Indicative, Common Aspect, Passive Voice
M6. 3. 7. 3 Future in the Past Indicative, Continuous Aspect, Active Voice
M6. 3. 8 Indicative: Future Perfect in the Past
M6. 3. 8. 1 Future Perfect in the Past Indicative, Common Aspect, Active Voice
M6. 3. 8. 2 Future Perfect in the Past Indicative, Common Aspect, Passive Voice
M6. 3. 8. 3 Future Perfect in the Past Indicative, Continuous Aspect, Active Voice
M6. 3. 9 Subjunctive: Present
M6. 3. 9. 1 Present Subjunctive, Common Aspect, Active Voice
M6. 3. 9. 2 Present Subjunctive, Common Aspect, Passive Voice
M6. 3. 9. 3 Present Subjunctive, Continuous Aspect, Active Voice
M6. 3. 9. 4 Present Subjunctive, Continuous Aspect, Passive Voice
M6. 3. 10 Subjunctive: Perfect
M6. 3. 10. 1 Perfect Subjunctive, Common Aspect, Active Voice
M6. 3. 10. 2 Perfect Subjunctive, Common Aspect, Passive Voice
M6. 3. 10. 3 Perfect Subjunctive, Continuous Aspect, Active Voice
M6. 3. 11 Old-Form Subjunctive and Subjunctive Equivalents
M6. 3. 12 Conditional: Present
M6. 3. 12. 1 Present Conditional, Common Aspect, Active Voice
M6. 3. 12. 2 Present Conditional, Common Aspect, Passive Voice
M6. 3. 12. 3 Present Conditional, Continuous Aspect, Active Voice
M6. 3. 12. 4 Present Conditional Equivalents
M6. 3. 13 Conditional: Perfect
M6. 3. 13. 1 Perfect Conditional, Common Aspect, Active Voice
M6. 3. 13. 2 Perfect Conditional, Common Aspect, Passive Voice
M6. 3. 13. 3 Perfect Conditional, Continuous Aspect, Active Voice
M6. 3. 13. 4 Perfect Conditional Equivalents
M6. 3. 14 Imperative: Present
M6. 3. 14. 1 Present Imperative, Common Aspect, Active Voice
M6. 3. 14. 2 Present Imperative, Common Aspect, Passive Voice
M6. 3. 14. 3 Present Imperative, Continuous Aspect, Active Voice
M6. 3. 15 Common Contractions
M6. 4 Impersonal Moods
M6. 4. 1 Infinitive: Present
M6. 4. 1. 1 Present Infinitive, Common Aspect, Active Voice
M6. 4. 1. 2 Present Infinitive, Common Aspect, Passive Voice
M6. 4. 1. 3 Present Infinitive, Continuous Aspect, Active Voice
M6. 4. 2 Infinitive: Perfect
M6. 4. 2. 1 Perfect Infinitive, Common Aspect, Active Voice
M6. 4. 2. 2 Perfect Infinitive, Common Aspect, Passive Voice
M6. 4. 2. 3 Perfect Infinitive, Continuous Aspect, Active Voice
M6. 4. 3 Participle: Present
M6. 4. 3. 1 Present Participle, Common Aspect, Active Voice
M6. 4. 3. 2 Present Participle, Common Aspect, Passive Voice
M6. 4. 3. 3 The"-ing" Form
M6. 4. 4 Participle: Past
M6. 4. 4. 1 Past Participle, Common Aspect, Active Voice
M6. 4. 4. 2 Past Participle, Common Aspect, Passive Voice
M6. 4. 5 Participle: Perfect
M6. 4. 5. 1 Perfect Participle, Common Aspect, Active Voice
M6. 4. 5. 2 Perfect Participle, Common Aspect, Passive Voice
M6. 4. 6 Gerund: Present
M6. 4. 6. 1 Present Gerund, Common Aspect, Active Voice
M6. 4. 6. 2 Present Gerund, Common Aspect, Passive Voice
M6. 4. 6. 3 Differentiating Present Gerund and Present Participle
M6. 4. 7 Gerund: Perfect
M6. 4. 7. 1 Perfect Gerund, Common Aspect, Active Voice
M6. 4. 7. 2 Perfect Gerund, Common Aspect, Passive Voice
M6. 5 Irregular Verbs
M6. 5. 1 Irregular Verbs List
M6. 5. 2 Difficult Verbs
M6. 6 Auxiliary Verbs
M6. 6. 1 Auxiliary Verbs:"to be"
M6. 6. 1. 1 Verb Forms Charts:"to be"
M6. 6. 1. 2 Using"to be"
M6. 6. 2 Auxiliary Verbs:"to have"
M6. 6. 2. 1 Verb Forms Charts:"to have"
M6. 6. 2. 2 Using"to have"
M6. 6. 3 Auxiliary Verbs:"to do"
M6. 6. 4 Auxiliary Verbs:"to let"
M6. 7 Modal Defective Verbs
M6. 7. 1 Modal Defective Verbs: Characteristics
M6. 7. 1. 1 Modal Defective Verbs: Conjugations
M6. 7. 1. 2 Modal Defective Verbs: General Characteristics
M6. 7. 2 Modal Defective Verbs:"shall","should"
M6. 7. 3 Modal Defective Verbs:"will","would"
M6. 7. 4 Modal Defective Verbs:"can","could"
M6. 7. 5 Modal Defective Verbs:"may","might"
M6. 7. 6 Modal Defective Verbs:"must","ought to"
M6. 7. 6. 1 Modal Defective"must"
M6. 7. 6. 2 Modal Defective"ought to"
M6. 7. 7 Other Auxiliaries and Modal Defective Verbs
M6. 7. 7. 1 Semi-Modal Defective Verbs
M6. 7. 7. 2 Semi-Auxiliary Verbs
M6. 7. 7. 3 Near Future Indicative: Arguments Pro and Contra
M6. 7. 8 Indicative: Near Future
M6. 7. 8. 1 Near Future Indicative, Common Aspect, Active Voice
M6. 7. 8. 2 Near Future Indicative, Common Aspect, Passive Voice
M6. 7. 9 Indicative: Near Future in the Past
M6. 7. 9. 1 Near Future in the Past Indicative, Common Aspect, Active Voice
M6. 7. 9. 2 Near Future in the Past Indicative, Common Aspect, Passive Voice
M6. 8 Forming Verbs
M6. 8. 1 Forming Verbs Using Derivation
M6. 8. 2 Forming Verbs Using Grammar Category Conversion
M6. 8. 3 Forming Verbs using"Compounding Verbs" Method
M6. 8. 4 Forming Complex Verbs
M6. 8. 5 Forming Verb Equivalents
M6. 8. 6 Onomatopoeic Verbs
M7: ADVERBS
M7. 1 Types of Adverbs
M7. 2 Verbs with Adverbial Particle
M7. 2. 1 Adverbial Particle
M7. 2. 2 Verbs with Adverbial Particle
M7. 3 Qualifying Adverbs of Manner
M7. 3. 1 Adverbs of Manner
M7. 3. 2 Adverbs of Quality
M7. 3. 3 Intensifier Adverbs
M7. 3. 4 Adverbs of Affirmation, Negation, and Probability
M7. 3. 5 Adverbs of Restriction
M7. 3. 6 Explanatory Adverbs
M7. 3. 7 Adverbs of Quantity, Amount, Degree
M7. 3. 8 Introductory Adverbs
7. 4 Adverbs of Time, Place, Reason, and Pronominal
M7. 4. 1 Adverbs of Place
M7. 4. 2 Adverbs of Time
M7. 4. 3 Adverbs of Cause, Reason, Result
M7. 4. 4 Pronominal Adverbs
M7. 5 Particular Adverbs
M7. 5. 1 Adverbs and Predicative Adjectives
M7. 5. 2 Adverbs Having the Same Form as Adjectives or Nouns
M7. 5. 3 Adverbs Having Two Forms
M7. 5. 4 Particular Adverbs:"but","still","yet"
M7. 5. 5 Particular Adverbs:"very","much"
M7. 5. 6 Particular Adverbs:"the","there","too"
M7. 5. 7 Particular Adverbs:"hardly... when","no sooner... than","just now"
M7. 5. 8 Particular Adverbs:"ago","since","before","besides"
M7. 6 Comparing Adverbs
M7. 7 Positioning Adverbs
M7. 7. 1 Positioning Adverbs of Manner
M7. 7. 2 Positioning Adverbs of Time
M7. 7. 3 Positioning Adverbs of Place
M7. 7. 4 Positioning Other Categories of Adverbs
M7. 7. 5 Split Infinitive
M7. 7. 6 Positioning Many Adverbs
M7. 7. 7 Positioning few Particular Adverbs
M7. 8 Forming Adverbs
M7. 8. 1 Forming Derivate Adverbs
M7. 8. 2 Forming Compound Adverbs
M8: PREPOSITIONS
M8. 1 Comparing Prepositions, Conjunctions, Adverbs
M8. 2 Types of Prepositions
M8. 2. 1 Types of Prepositions
M8. 2. 2 Placing Prepositions
M8. 3 Verbs with Preposition
M8. 4 Verbs with Adverbial Particle and Preposition
M8. 5 Using Prepositions
M9: CONJUNCTIONS
M9. 1 Types of Conjunctions
M9. 2 Sentence Elements Working as Conjunction Equivalents
M9. 3 Particular Conjunctions:"like","as","till","that","if","whether"
M10: INTERJECTIONS
PART 3: SYNTAX
S1: SENTENCE SYNTAX
S1. 1 Types of Sentences
S1. 2 Subject
S1. 3 Predicate
S1. 3. 1 Verbal Predicate
S1. 3. 2 Nominal Predicate: Copula
S1. 3. 3 Nominal Predicate: Predicative Complement
S1. 3. 4 Nominal Predicate: Appositive Predicate
S1. 3. 5 Complete Predicate: Predicate of Result
S1. 4 Subject-Predicate Agreement
S1. 4. 1 Subjects Taking Predicates in Either Singular or Plural Form
S1. 4. 2 Plural Subjects Taking Predicates in Singular Form
S1. 4. 3 Singular Subjects Taking Predicates in Plural Form
S1. 4. 4 Compound Subject-Predicate Agreement
S1. 5 Attribute
S1. 5. 1 Using Attributes
S1. 5. 2 Positioning Attributes
S1. 5. 3 Apposition
S1. 6 Direct Object
S1. 6. 1 Direct Object
S1. 6. 2 The Cognate Object
S1. 6. 3 Verbs with Two Direct Objects
S1. 7 Indirect Object
S1. 7. 1 Indirect Object
S1. 7. 2 Indirect Object Without Preposition
S1. 7. 3 Indirect Object With Preposition
S1. 7. 4 Predicates Taking both Direct and Indirect Objects
S1. 7. 5 Retained Object
S1. 8 Prepositional Object
S1. 8. 1 Prepositional Object
S1. 8. 2 Comparison: Prepositional Object versus Prepositional Adverbial
S1. 8. 3 Identical Prepositional Object and Prepositional Adverbial
S1. 8. 4 Using Prepositional Object
S1. 8. 5 Complex Object
S1. 9 Adverbials
S1. 9. 1 Adverbial of Manner
S1. 9. 2 Adverbial of Definite and Indefinite Time
S1. 9. 3 Adverbial of Place and Momentum
S1. 9. 4 Adverbial of Cause
S1. 9. 5 Adverbial of Purpose
S1. 9. 6 Adverbial of Condition or Supposition
S1. 9. 7 Adverbial of Concession
S1. 9. 8 Compound Adverbial
S1. 10 Structuring Sentences
S1. 10. 1 General Sentence Structure
S1. 10. 2 Accentuation
S1. 10. 3 Resonance and Rhythm
S1. 10. 4 Natural Declarative Sentence Structure
S1. 10. 5 Natural Interrogative Sentence Structure
S1. 10. 6 Subject-Predicate Order
S1. 10. 7 The Order of Multiple Noun Qualifiers
S2: COMPLEX SENTENCE SYNTAX
S2. 1 Analogy to Morphology
S2. 1. 1 Noun Subordinate Clauses
S2. 1. 2 Adjective Subordinate Clause
S2. 1. 3 Adverb Subordinate Clauses
S2. 1. 3. 1 Adverbial of Manner and Comparison Clause
S2. 1. 3. 2 Adverbial of Time Clause
S2. 1. 3. 3 Adverbial of Place Clause
S2. 1. 3. 4 Adverbial of Cause Clause
S2. 1. 3. 5 Adverbial of Purpose Clause
S2. 1. 3. 6 Adverbial of Result or Consecutive Clause
S2. 1. 3. 7 Adverbial of Concession Clause
S2. 1. 3. 8 Relative Clauses
S2. 1. 3. 9 Adverbial of Condition Clause
S2. 2 Conditional Complex Sentence
S2. 2. 1 Conditional Clause: Real Action Verbs
S2. 2. 2 Conditional Clause: Unreal Action Verbs
S2. 2. 3 Tenses in Conditional Complex Sentence: Unreal Action Verbs
S2. 2. 4 Reduced Conditional Complex Sentence
S2. 2. 5 Reversing the order in Conditional Complex Sentence
S2. 2. 6 Extended Complex Sentences
S2. 3 Analogy to Sentence Syntax
S2. 3. 1 Subjective Clause
S2. 3. 2 Predicative Clause
S2. 3. 3 Attributive Clause
S2. 3. 4 Object Clause
S2. 3. 5 Prepositional Clause
S2. 3. 6 Adverbial Clause
S2. 4 Complex Sentence Syntax Analysis
S2. 4. 1 Complex Sentence Syntax Analysis
S2. 4. 2 Double/Compound Sentence Syntax Analysis
S2. 4. 3 Multiple Sentence Syntax Analysis
S3: THE SEQUENCE OF TENSES
S3. 1 The Sequence of Tenses: Rules
S3. 2 Exceptions to Rule 3
S3. 3 Additional Exceptions to the Sequence of Tenses Rules
S4: DIRECT AND INDIRECT STYLE
S4. 1 Transforming Direct Style to Indirect Style: General Rules
S4. 2 Interrogative, Emphatic, and Imperative Sentences in Indirect Style
S4. 2. 1 Transforming Interrogative Sentences to Indirect Style
S4. 2. 2 Transforming Emphatic Sentences to Indirect Style
S4. 2. 3 Transforming Imperative Sentences to Indirect Style
S5: INTERROGATIONS AND NEGATIONS
S5. 1 Interrogations
S5. 1. 1 Interrogations with"to be"
S5. 1. 2 Interrogations with"to have"
S5. 1. 3 Interrogations with Modal Defective Verbs
S5. 1. 4 Interrogations with"All Other Verbs" Group
S5. 1. 5 Confirmative Question
S5. 1. 6 Rhetorical Question
S5. 2 Negations
S5. 2. 1 Negations with"to be"
S5. 2. 2 Negations with"to have"
S5. 2. 3 Negations with Modal Defective Verbs
S5. 2. 4 Negations with"All Other Verbs" Group
S5. 2. 5 Negative Interrogations
S5. 2. 6 Double Negations
S5. 3"Some","Any","No" in Affirmations, Interrogations, Negations
S5. 4 Using Short Answer
S6: PUNCTUATION
S6. 1 Period
S6. 2 Quotes
S6. 3 Comma
S6. 3. 1 Using Comma in Complex Sentences
S6. 3. 2 Marking Subordinate Clauses
S6. 3. 3 Isolating Appositions and Nominative of Address
S6. 3. 4 Separating Multiple Adjectives
S6. 3. 5 Using Comma in Series
S6. 3. 6 Using Comma in Vertical Lists
S6. 3. 7 Using Comma in Interjections and Elliptic Constructions
S6. 3. 8 Using Comma to introduce Direct Style
S6. 3. 9 Using Comma to avoid Ambiguity
S6. 3. 10 Main Mistakes in Comma Use
S6. 4 Semicolon
S6. 5 Colon
S6. 6 Exclamation Point and Question Mark
S6. 6. 1 Using Exclamation Point
S6. 6. 2 Using Question Mark
S6. 7 Hyphen and Dashes
S6. 7. 1 Using the Hyphen
S6. 7. 2 Using the"en" Dash
S6. 7. 3 Using the"em" Dash
S6. 8 Solidus and Points of Ellipsis
S6. 8. 1 Using Solidus
S6. 8. 2 Using Points of Ellipsis
S6. 9 Brackets and Parentheses
S6. 9. 1 Using Angle Brackets
S6. 9. 2 Using Braces
S6. 9. 3 Using Square Brackets
S6. 9. 4 Parentheses
S6. 10 Apostrophe
S6. 10. 1 Using Apostrophe in Synthetic Genitives
S6. 10. 2 Forming Custom Plural Nouns Using Apostrophe
S6. 10. 3 Forming Custom Adjectives
S6. 10. 4 Marking Omissions
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Publications Consulted
Internet References
Categoria: Limba engleza - Gramatica
Subiectul: Fonetica/Morfologie/Sintaxa/Punctuatie
Nivelul: Incepatori/Intermediari/Avansati
Anul aparitiei: 2009
Format: 20, 5 x 29, 5
Nr. pagini: 637
Scurt istoric
Cuvant inainte
Cuvantul traducatorului
Credit
Introducere
Partea intai: Fonetica
Fonetica engleza
Partea a doua: Morfologia
M1. Substantive
M2. Articole
M3. Adjective
M4. Pronumele
M5. Numerale
M6. Verbe
M7. Adverbe
M8. Prepozitii
M9. Conjunctii
M10. Interjectii
Partea a treia: Sintaxa
S1. Sintaxa propozitiei
S2. Sintaxa fraze
S3. Succesiunea timpurilor verbale
S4. Stilul direct si stilul indirect
S5. Interogatii si negatii
Partea a patra: Punctuatia
Punctuatia engleza
P1. Punctul
P2. Ghilimelele
P3. Virgula
P4. Punct si virgula
P5. Doua puncte
P6. Semnul exclamarii si semnul intrebarii
P7. Liniute de unire
P8. Bara aplecata si punctele de suspensie
P9. Paranteze
P10. Apostroful
Bibliografie
Studiul cartii de fata reprezinta modalitatea sigura si practica de a invata limba engleza bine, chiar foarte biine. Gramatica este scheletul de baza al limbii engleze
(de fapt, al oricarei limbi): odata stapanita aceasta structura simpla, fundamentala, aditia de cuvinte si expresii noi dupa aceea o sa devina o sarcina usoara, de rutina.
Avantajul net al cartii de fata, comparativ cu altele existente, rezida numai in faptul ca gramatica engleza este prezentata... LOGIC.
Gramatica Engleza Structurata Logic vine in ajutorul dumneavoastra cu:
• 102 clasificari structurate grafic in diagrame
• 117 tabele
• 227 seturi de reguli, exceptii, definitii
• 385 comentarii si atentionari complexe aditionale
• 426 seturi de exemple traduse
• peste 3000 mecanisme gramaticale uzuale explicate
• multe altele...
DESCRIERE IN LIMBA ENGLEZA;
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
HISTORY
FOREWORD
CREDITS
INTRODUCTION
I1 Phonetics
I2 Morphology
I3 Syntax
I4 About English Grammar 27
PART 1: PHONETICS
P1: PHONETICS
P1. 1 English Sounds
P1. 2 Vowels
P1. 3 Semi-Vowels
P1. 4 Consonants
P1. 5 Diphthongs and Triphthongs
P1. 6 Pronouncing Foreign and Unknown Words
PART 2: MORPHOLOGY
M1: NOUNS
M1. 1 Categories of Nouns
M1. 2 The Number of the Noun
M1. 3 The Gender of the Noun
M1. 3. 1 The Gender of Common Nouns
M1. 3. 2 The Gender of Proper Nouns
M1. 3. 3 Expressing Nouns' Gender Analytically
M1. 3. 4 Expressing Nouns' Gender using Personifications
M1. 4 The Case of the Noun
M1. 4. 1 Nominative
M1. 4. 2 Dative
M1. 4. 3 Accusative
M1. 5 Genitive
M1. 5. 1 Synthetic Genitive
M1. 5. 2 Analytic Genitive
M1. 6 Noun Declension and Syntactic Functions
M1. 7 Forming Nouns and Noun Equivalents
M1. 7. 1 Forming Nouns Using Derivation
M1. 7. 2 Forming Nouns and Noun Equivalents Using Composition
M1. 7. 3 Forming Nouns Using Grammar Category Conversion
M2: ARTICLES
M2. 1 Reading Articles
M2. 2 Nouns Taking no Article
M2. 3 Indefinite Article
M2. 4 Definite Article
M2. 5 Implicitly Present or Missing Article
M3: ADJECTIVES
M3. 1 Qualifying Adjectives
M3. 1. 1 Qualifying Adjectives Working as Attributes
M3. 1. 2 Qualifying Adjectives Working as Subjective Complements
M3. 1. 3 Qualifying Adjectives Working as Objective Complements
M3. 2 Determining Adjectives
M3. 2. 1 Possessive Adjectives
M3. 2. 2 Demonstrative Adjectives
M3. 2. 3 Interrogative Adjectives
M3. 2. 4 Relative Adjectives
M3. 2. 5 Indefinite Adjectives
M3. 3 Comparing Adjectives
M3. 3. 1 Qualifying Adjectives: Superiority Comparison
M3. 3. 2 Qualifying Adjectives: Equality Comparison
M3. 3. 3 Qualifying Adjectives: Inferiority Comparison
M3. 4 Qualifying Adjectives in Comparative Sentences
M3. 5 Forming Adjectives
M3. 5. 1 Forming Adjectives Using Derivation
M3. 5. 2 Forming Adjectives Using Composition
M3. 5. 3 Forming Adjectives Using Grammar Category Conversion
M3. 6 Particular Adjectives
M3. 6. 1 Particular Adjectives:"much","many","long"
M3. 6. 2 Particular Adjectives:"little","small","few"
M3. 6. 3 Particular Adjectives:"first","fore","former"
M3. 6. 4 Particular Adjectives:"last","near","next"
M3. 6. 5 Particular Adjectives:"farther","further"
M3. 6. 6 Particular Adjectives:"out","utter"
M3. 6. 7 Particular Adjectives:"older","elder"
M3. 6. 8 Particular Adjectives:"each","every"
M3. 6. 9 Particular Adjectives:"all","one"
M3. 6. 10 Particular Adjectives:"some","any","no","none"
M3. 6. 11 Particular Adjectives:"this","that","these","those"
M4: PRONOUNS
M4. 1 Personal Pronouns
M4. 2 Possessive Pronouns
M4. 3 Reflexive and Emphatic Pronouns
M4. 4 Demonstrative Pronouns
M4. 4. 1 Demonstrative Pronouns:"this","that","these","those"
M4. 4. 2 Demonstrative Pronouns:"first","last"
M4. 4. 3 Demonstrative Pronouns:"former","later"
M4. 4. 4 Demonstrative Pronouns:"other","others"
M4. 4. 5 Demonstrative Pronouns:"one","ones"
M4. 4. 6 Demonstrative Pronouns:"same","such","so"
M4. 5 Interrogative Pronouns
M4. 6 Relative Pronouns
M4. 6. 1 Relative Pronouns:"who","which","what"
M4. 6. 2 Relative Pronouns:"that"
M4. 6. 3 Relative Pronouns:"as"
M4. 6. 4 Relative Pronouns:"but"
M4. 7 Reciprocal Pronouns
M4. 8 Indefinite Pronouns
M4. 8. 1 Indefinite Pronouns:"all","whole","one"
M4. 8. 2 Indefinite Pronouns:"some"
M4. 8. 3 Indefinite Pronouns:"any"
M4. 8. 4 Indefinite Pronouns:"none"
M4. 8. 5 Indefinite Pronouns:"either","neither"
M4. 8. 6 Indefinite Pronouns:"other","others"
M4. 8. 7 Indefinite Pronouns:"each","every"
M4. 8. 8 Indefinite Pronouns:"both","certain","several"
M4. 8. 9 Indefinite Pronouns: Impersonal"you","he","it","we","they"
M5: NUMERALS
M5. 1 Cardinal Numerals
M5. 2 Ordinal Numerals
M5. 3 Fractional Numerals
M5. 3. 1 Common Fraction
M5. 3. 2 Decimal Fraction
M5. 4 Collective Numerals
M5. 5 Multiplicative Numerals
M5. 6 Distributive Numerals
M5. 7 Adverbial Numerals
M5. 8 Indefinite Numerals
M5. 9 Working with Numerals
M5. 9. 1 Types of Numbers
M5. 9. 2 Addition and Subtraction
M5. 9. 3 Multiplication, Division, and Exponentiation
M5. 9. 4 Idiomatic Numeral Expressions
M5. 10 Technical Numerals
M5. 11 Roman Numerals
M5. 12 Symbols of the Latin Alphabet
M6: VERBS
M6. 1 Categories of Verbs
M6. 1. 1 Transitive and Intransitive Verbs
M6. 1. 2 The Aspect of the Verb
M6. 1. 3 The Voice of the Verb
M6. 1. 4 The Number of the Verb
M6. 1. 5 The Person of the Verb
M6. 1. 6 The Mood of the Verb
M6. 1. 7 The Tense of the Verb
M6. 1. 8 Principal, Auxiliary, and Modal Defective Verbs
M6. 1. 9 Regular and Irregular Verbs
M6. 2 Verb Forms Charts
M6. 2. 1 Verb Forms Chart: Common Aspect, Active Voice
M6. 2. 2 Verb Forms Chart: Common Aspect, Passive Voice
M6. 2. 3 Verb Forms Chart: Continuous Aspect, Active Voice
M6. 2. 4 Verb Forms Chart: Continuous Aspect, Passive Voice
M6. 3 Personal Moods
M6. 3. 1 Indicative: Present
M6. 3. 1. 1 Present Indicative, Common Aspect, Active Voice
M6. 3. 1. 2 Present Indicative, Common Aspect, Passive Voice
M6. 3. 1. 3 Present Indicative, Continuous Aspect, Active Voice
M6. 3. 1. 4 Present Indicative, Continuous Aspect, Passive Voice
M6. 3. 2 Indicative: Past
M6. 3. 2. 1 Past Tense Indicative, Common Aspect, Active Voice
M6. 3. 2. 2 Past Indicative, Common Aspect, Passive Voice
M6. 3. 2. 3 Past Indicative, Continuous Aspect, Active Voice
M6. 3. 2. 4 Past Indicative, Continuous Aspect, Passive Voice
M6. 3. 3 Indicative: Future
M6. 3. 3. 1 Future Indicative, Common Aspect, Active Voice
M6. 3. 3. 2 Future Indicative, Common Aspect, Passive Voice
M6. 3. 3. 3 Future Indicative, Continuous Aspect, Active Voice
M6. 3. 4 Indicative: Present Perfect
M6. 3. 4. 1 Present Perfect Indicative, Common Aspect, Active Voice
M6. 3. 4. 2 Present Perfect Indicative, Common Aspect, Passive Voice
M6. 3. 4. 3 Present Perfect Indicative, Continuous Aspect, Active Voice
M6. 3. 5 Indicative: Past Perfect
M6. 3. 5. 1 Past Perfect Indicative, Common Aspect, Active Voice
M6. 3. 5. 2 Past Perfect Indicative, Common Aspect, Passive Voice
M6. 3. 5. 3 Past Perfect Indicative, Continuous Aspect, Active Voice
M6. 3. 6 Indicative: Future Perfect
M6. 3. 6. 1 Future Perfect Indicative, Common Aspect, Active Voice
M6. 3. 6. 2 Future Perfect Indicative, Common Aspect, Passive Voice
M6. 3. 6. 3 Future Perfect Indicative, Continuous Aspect, Active Voice
M6. 3. 7 Indicative: Future in the Past
M6. 3. 7. 1 Future in the Past Indicative, Common Aspect, Active Voice
M6. 3. 7. 2 Future in the Past Indicative, Common Aspect, Passive Voice
M6. 3. 7. 3 Future in the Past Indicative, Continuous Aspect, Active Voice
M6. 3. 8 Indicative: Future Perfect in the Past
M6. 3. 8. 1 Future Perfect in the Past Indicative, Common Aspect, Active Voice
M6. 3. 8. 2 Future Perfect in the Past Indicative, Common Aspect, Passive Voice
M6. 3. 8. 3 Future Perfect in the Past Indicative, Continuous Aspect, Active Voice
M6. 3. 9 Subjunctive: Present
M6. 3. 9. 1 Present Subjunctive, Common Aspect, Active Voice
M6. 3. 9. 2 Present Subjunctive, Common Aspect, Passive Voice
M6. 3. 9. 3 Present Subjunctive, Continuous Aspect, Active Voice
M6. 3. 9. 4 Present Subjunctive, Continuous Aspect, Passive Voice
M6. 3. 10 Subjunctive: Perfect
M6. 3. 10. 1 Perfect Subjunctive, Common Aspect, Active Voice
M6. 3. 10. 2 Perfect Subjunctive, Common Aspect, Passive Voice
M6. 3. 10. 3 Perfect Subjunctive, Continuous Aspect, Active Voice
M6. 3. 11 Old-Form Subjunctive and Subjunctive Equivalents
M6. 3. 12 Conditional: Present
M6. 3. 12. 1 Present Conditional, Common Aspect, Active Voice
M6. 3. 12. 2 Present Conditional, Common Aspect, Passive Voice
M6. 3. 12. 3 Present Conditional, Continuous Aspect, Active Voice
M6. 3. 12. 4 Present Conditional Equivalents
M6. 3. 13 Conditional: Perfect
M6. 3. 13. 1 Perfect Conditional, Common Aspect, Active Voice
M6. 3. 13. 2 Perfect Conditional, Common Aspect, Passive Voice
M6. 3. 13. 3 Perfect Conditional, Continuous Aspect, Active Voice
M6. 3. 13. 4 Perfect Conditional Equivalents
M6. 3. 14 Imperative: Present
M6. 3. 14. 1 Present Imperative, Common Aspect, Active Voice
M6. 3. 14. 2 Present Imperative, Common Aspect, Passive Voice
M6. 3. 14. 3 Present Imperative, Continuous Aspect, Active Voice
M6. 3. 15 Common Contractions
M6. 4 Impersonal Moods
M6. 4. 1 Infinitive: Present
M6. 4. 1. 1 Present Infinitive, Common Aspect, Active Voice
M6. 4. 1. 2 Present Infinitive, Common Aspect, Passive Voice
M6. 4. 1. 3 Present Infinitive, Continuous Aspect, Active Voice
M6. 4. 2 Infinitive: Perfect
M6. 4. 2. 1 Perfect Infinitive, Common Aspect, Active Voice
M6. 4. 2. 2 Perfect Infinitive, Common Aspect, Passive Voice
M6. 4. 2. 3 Perfect Infinitive, Continuous Aspect, Active Voice
M6. 4. 3 Participle: Present
M6. 4. 3. 1 Present Participle, Common Aspect, Active Voice
M6. 4. 3. 2 Present Participle, Common Aspect, Passive Voice
M6. 4. 3. 3 The"-ing" Form
M6. 4. 4 Participle: Past
M6. 4. 4. 1 Past Participle, Common Aspect, Active Voice
M6. 4. 4. 2 Past Participle, Common Aspect, Passive Voice
M6. 4. 5 Participle: Perfect
M6. 4. 5. 1 Perfect Participle, Common Aspect, Active Voice
M6. 4. 5. 2 Perfect Participle, Common Aspect, Passive Voice
M6. 4. 6 Gerund: Present
M6. 4. 6. 1 Present Gerund, Common Aspect, Active Voice
M6. 4. 6. 2 Present Gerund, Common Aspect, Passive Voice
M6. 4. 6. 3 Differentiating Present Gerund and Present Participle
M6. 4. 7 Gerund: Perfect
M6. 4. 7. 1 Perfect Gerund, Common Aspect, Active Voice
M6. 4. 7. 2 Perfect Gerund, Common Aspect, Passive Voice
M6. 5 Irregular Verbs
M6. 5. 1 Irregular Verbs List
M6. 5. 2 Difficult Verbs
M6. 6 Auxiliary Verbs
M6. 6. 1 Auxiliary Verbs:"to be"
M6. 6. 1. 1 Verb Forms Charts:"to be"
M6. 6. 1. 2 Using"to be"
M6. 6. 2 Auxiliary Verbs:"to have"
M6. 6. 2. 1 Verb Forms Charts:"to have"
M6. 6. 2. 2 Using"to have"
M6. 6. 3 Auxiliary Verbs:"to do"
M6. 6. 4 Auxiliary Verbs:"to let"
M6. 7 Modal Defective Verbs
M6. 7. 1 Modal Defective Verbs: Characteristics
M6. 7. 1. 1 Modal Defective Verbs: Conjugations
M6. 7. 1. 2 Modal Defective Verbs: General Characteristics
M6. 7. 2 Modal Defective Verbs:"shall","should"
M6. 7. 3 Modal Defective Verbs:"will","would"
M6. 7. 4 Modal Defective Verbs:"can","could"
M6. 7. 5 Modal Defective Verbs:"may","might"
M6. 7. 6 Modal Defective Verbs:"must","ought to"
M6. 7. 6. 1 Modal Defective"must"
M6. 7. 6. 2 Modal Defective"ought to"
M6. 7. 7 Other Auxiliaries and Modal Defective Verbs
M6. 7. 7. 1 Semi-Modal Defective Verbs
M6. 7. 7. 2 Semi-Auxiliary Verbs
M6. 7. 7. 3 Near Future Indicative: Arguments Pro and Contra
M6. 7. 8 Indicative: Near Future
M6. 7. 8. 1 Near Future Indicative, Common Aspect, Active Voice
M6. 7. 8. 2 Near Future Indicative, Common Aspect, Passive Voice
M6. 7. 9 Indicative: Near Future in the Past
M6. 7. 9. 1 Near Future in the Past Indicative, Common Aspect, Active Voice
M6. 7. 9. 2 Near Future in the Past Indicative, Common Aspect, Passive Voice
M6. 8 Forming Verbs
M6. 8. 1 Forming Verbs Using Derivation
M6. 8. 2 Forming Verbs Using Grammar Category Conversion
M6. 8. 3 Forming Verbs using"Compounding Verbs" Method
M6. 8. 4 Forming Complex Verbs
M6. 8. 5 Forming Verb Equivalents
M6. 8. 6 Onomatopoeic Verbs
M7: ADVERBS
M7. 1 Types of Adverbs
M7. 2 Verbs with Adverbial Particle
M7. 2. 1 Adverbial Particle
M7. 2. 2 Verbs with Adverbial Particle
M7. 3 Qualifying Adverbs of Manner
M7. 3. 1 Adverbs of Manner
M7. 3. 2 Adverbs of Quality
M7. 3. 3 Intensifier Adverbs
M7. 3. 4 Adverbs of Affirmation, Negation, and Probability
M7. 3. 5 Adverbs of Restriction
M7. 3. 6 Explanatory Adverbs
M7. 3. 7 Adverbs of Quantity, Amount, Degree
M7. 3. 8 Introductory Adverbs
7. 4 Adverbs of Time, Place, Reason, and Pronominal
M7. 4. 1 Adverbs of Place
M7. 4. 2 Adverbs of Time
M7. 4. 3 Adverbs of Cause, Reason, Result
M7. 4. 4 Pronominal Adverbs
M7. 5 Particular Adverbs
M7. 5. 1 Adverbs and Predicative Adjectives
M7. 5. 2 Adverbs Having the Same Form as Adjectives or Nouns
M7. 5. 3 Adverbs Having Two Forms
M7. 5. 4 Particular Adverbs:"but","still","yet"
M7. 5. 5 Particular Adverbs:"very","much"
M7. 5. 6 Particular Adverbs:"the","there","too"
M7. 5. 7 Particular Adverbs:"hardly... when","no sooner... than","just now"
M7. 5. 8 Particular Adverbs:"ago","since","before","besides"
M7. 6 Comparing Adverbs
M7. 7 Positioning Adverbs
M7. 7. 1 Positioning Adverbs of Manner
M7. 7. 2 Positioning Adverbs of Time
M7. 7. 3 Positioning Adverbs of Place
M7. 7. 4 Positioning Other Categories of Adverbs
M7. 7. 5 Split Infinitive
M7. 7. 6 Positioning Many Adverbs
M7. 7. 7 Positioning few Particular Adverbs
M7. 8 Forming Adverbs
M7. 8. 1 Forming Derivate Adverbs
M7. 8. 2 Forming Compound Adverbs
M8: PREPOSITIONS
M8. 1 Comparing Prepositions, Conjunctions, Adverbs
M8. 2 Types of Prepositions
M8. 2. 1 Types of Prepositions
M8. 2. 2 Placing Prepositions
M8. 3 Verbs with Preposition
M8. 4 Verbs with Adverbial Particle and Preposition
M8. 5 Using Prepositions
M9: CONJUNCTIONS
M9. 1 Types of Conjunctions
M9. 2 Sentence Elements Working as Conjunction Equivalents
M9. 3 Particular Conjunctions:"like","as","till","that","if","whether"
M10: INTERJECTIONS
PART 3: SYNTAX
S1: SENTENCE SYNTAX
S1. 1 Types of Sentences
S1. 2 Subject
S1. 3 Predicate
S1. 3. 1 Verbal Predicate
S1. 3. 2 Nominal Predicate: Copula
S1. 3. 3 Nominal Predicate: Predicative Complement
S1. 3. 4 Nominal Predicate: Appositive Predicate
S1. 3. 5 Complete Predicate: Predicate of Result
S1. 4 Subject-Predicate Agreement
S1. 4. 1 Subjects Taking Predicates in Either Singular or Plural Form
S1. 4. 2 Plural Subjects Taking Predicates in Singular Form
S1. 4. 3 Singular Subjects Taking Predicates in Plural Form
S1. 4. 4 Compound Subject-Predicate Agreement
S1. 5 Attribute
S1. 5. 1 Using Attributes
S1. 5. 2 Positioning Attributes
S1. 5. 3 Apposition
S1. 6 Direct Object
S1. 6. 1 Direct Object
S1. 6. 2 The Cognate Object
S1. 6. 3 Verbs with Two Direct Objects
S1. 7 Indirect Object
S1. 7. 1 Indirect Object
S1. 7. 2 Indirect Object Without Preposition
S1. 7. 3 Indirect Object With Preposition
S1. 7. 4 Predicates Taking both Direct and Indirect Objects
S1. 7. 5 Retained Object
S1. 8 Prepositional Object
S1. 8. 1 Prepositional Object
S1. 8. 2 Comparison: Prepositional Object versus Prepositional Adverbial
S1. 8. 3 Identical Prepositional Object and Prepositional Adverbial
S1. 8. 4 Using Prepositional Object
S1. 8. 5 Complex Object
S1. 9 Adverbials
S1. 9. 1 Adverbial of Manner
S1. 9. 2 Adverbial of Definite and Indefinite Time
S1. 9. 3 Adverbial of Place and Momentum
S1. 9. 4 Adverbial of Cause
S1. 9. 5 Adverbial of Purpose
S1. 9. 6 Adverbial of Condition or Supposition
S1. 9. 7 Adverbial of Concession
S1. 9. 8 Compound Adverbial
S1. 10 Structuring Sentences
S1. 10. 1 General Sentence Structure
S1. 10. 2 Accentuation
S1. 10. 3 Resonance and Rhythm
S1. 10. 4 Natural Declarative Sentence Structure
S1. 10. 5 Natural Interrogative Sentence Structure
S1. 10. 6 Subject-Predicate Order
S1. 10. 7 The Order of Multiple Noun Qualifiers
S2: COMPLEX SENTENCE SYNTAX
S2. 1 Analogy to Morphology
S2. 1. 1 Noun Subordinate Clauses
S2. 1. 2 Adjective Subordinate Clause
S2. 1. 3 Adverb Subordinate Clauses
S2. 1. 3. 1 Adverbial of Manner and Comparison Clause
S2. 1. 3. 2 Adverbial of Time Clause
S2. 1. 3. 3 Adverbial of Place Clause
S2. 1. 3. 4 Adverbial of Cause Clause
S2. 1. 3. 5 Adverbial of Purpose Clause
S2. 1. 3. 6 Adverbial of Result or Consecutive Clause
S2. 1. 3. 7 Adverbial of Concession Clause
S2. 1. 3. 8 Relative Clauses
S2. 1. 3. 9 Adverbial of Condition Clause
S2. 2 Conditional Complex Sentence
S2. 2. 1 Conditional Clause: Real Action Verbs
S2. 2. 2 Conditional Clause: Unreal Action Verbs
S2. 2. 3 Tenses in Conditional Complex Sentence: Unreal Action Verbs
S2. 2. 4 Reduced Conditional Complex Sentence
S2. 2. 5 Reversing the order in Conditional Complex Sentence
S2. 2. 6 Extended Complex Sentences
S2. 3 Analogy to Sentence Syntax
S2. 3. 1 Subjective Clause
S2. 3. 2 Predicative Clause
S2. 3. 3 Attributive Clause
S2. 3. 4 Object Clause
S2. 3. 5 Prepositional Clause
S2. 3. 6 Adverbial Clause
S2. 4 Complex Sentence Syntax Analysis
S2. 4. 1 Complex Sentence Syntax Analysis
S2. 4. 2 Double/Compound Sentence Syntax Analysis
S2. 4. 3 Multiple Sentence Syntax Analysis
S3: THE SEQUENCE OF TENSES
S3. 1 The Sequence of Tenses: Rules
S3. 2 Exceptions to Rule 3
S3. 3 Additional Exceptions to the Sequence of Tenses Rules
S4: DIRECT AND INDIRECT STYLE
S4. 1 Transforming Direct Style to Indirect Style: General Rules
S4. 2 Interrogative, Emphatic, and Imperative Sentences in Indirect Style
S4. 2. 1 Transforming Interrogative Sentences to Indirect Style
S4. 2. 2 Transforming Emphatic Sentences to Indirect Style
S4. 2. 3 Transforming Imperative Sentences to Indirect Style
S5: INTERROGATIONS AND NEGATIONS
S5. 1 Interrogations
S5. 1. 1 Interrogations with"to be"
S5. 1. 2 Interrogations with"to have"
S5. 1. 3 Interrogations with Modal Defective Verbs
S5. 1. 4 Interrogations with"All Other Verbs" Group
S5. 1. 5 Confirmative Question
S5. 1. 6 Rhetorical Question
S5. 2 Negations
S5. 2. 1 Negations with"to be"
S5. 2. 2 Negations with"to have"
S5. 2. 3 Negations with Modal Defective Verbs
S5. 2. 4 Negations with"All Other Verbs" Group
S5. 2. 5 Negative Interrogations
S5. 2. 6 Double Negations
S5. 3"Some","Any","No" in Affirmations, Interrogations, Negations
S5. 4 Using Short Answer
S6: PUNCTUATION
S6. 1 Period
S6. 2 Quotes
S6. 3 Comma
S6. 3. 1 Using Comma in Complex Sentences
S6. 3. 2 Marking Subordinate Clauses
S6. 3. 3 Isolating Appositions and Nominative of Address
S6. 3. 4 Separating Multiple Adjectives
S6. 3. 5 Using Comma in Series
S6. 3. 6 Using Comma in Vertical Lists
S6. 3. 7 Using Comma in Interjections and Elliptic Constructions
S6. 3. 8 Using Comma to introduce Direct Style
S6. 3. 9 Using Comma to avoid Ambiguity
S6. 3. 10 Main Mistakes in Comma Use
S6. 4 Semicolon
S6. 5 Colon
S6. 6 Exclamation Point and Question Mark
S6. 6. 1 Using Exclamation Point
S6. 6. 2 Using Question Mark
S6. 7 Hyphen and Dashes
S6. 7. 1 Using the Hyphen
S6. 7. 2 Using the"en" Dash
S6. 7. 3 Using the"em" Dash
S6. 8 Solidus and Points of Ellipsis
S6. 8. 1 Using Solidus
S6. 8. 2 Using Points of Ellipsis
S6. 9 Brackets and Parentheses
S6. 9. 1 Using Angle Brackets
S6. 9. 2 Using Braces
S6. 9. 3 Using Square Brackets
S6. 9. 4 Parentheses
S6. 10 Apostrophe
S6. 10. 1 Using Apostrophe in Synthetic Genitives
S6. 10. 2 Forming Custom Plural Nouns Using Apostrophe
S6. 10. 3 Forming Custom Adjectives
S6. 10. 4 Marking Omissions
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Publications Consulted
Internet References
Categoria: Limba engleza - Gramatica
Subiectul: Fonetica/Morfologie/Sintaxa/Punctuatie
Nivelul: Incepatori/Intermediari/Avansati
Anul aparitiei: 2009
Format: 20, 5 x 29, 5
Nr. pagini: 637
OPINIA CITITORILOR